Slovakia is one of the countries where production of the POPs, specifically PCBs, took place in the past. Today the most urgent and relevant issue to be solved is the environmental contamination with PCBs. Through UNDP, Slovakia has obtained a GEF grant to support implementation of the Stockholm Convention on POPs commitments and to elaborate the National Implementation Plan. In compliance with the Protocol on POPs to the UN ECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution, all PCB wastes from the production and PCB-containing equipment and sediments must be safely disposed of by 2010. Detailed storage and disposal inventory of POPs was carried out. It is assumed that more than 1000 tons of PCBs is still stored by the former Slovak producer Chemko Strazske waiting for safe disposal, another 1500 tons of wastes include stockpiles of hydraulic and transformer oils, with PCB contents. Additionally, it is estimated that ca. 900 tons of PCBs from production is at a landfill in a vicinity to producer. Approximately 1000 tons is still in use in power capacitors, which will also have to be disposed of. A serious problem is posed by contaminated sediment in a producer's effluent canal, Laborec River, and water reservoir Zemplinska Sirava (estimated 40,000 tons) and by contaminated soil in the vicinity of facilities that have used in the past PCBs in heat transfer systems. To solve this problem, Slovakia has decided to participate in another global project oriented towards PCB destruction using non-combustion technology. In near future, new legislation will be applied in Slovakia focused on PCB wastes, equipment management, and so called "old environmental burdens." The above-mentioned problems and results obtained on contaminated sediments of Zemplinska Sirava water reservoir and results on the improvement of PCB degradation by selected biotic and abiotic approaches, namely biodegradation and immobilization of PCBs, will be presented and discussed at the workshop.