Two different approaches of sediment treatment on two sites, Ali Bayramli in Azerbaijan and at Fairbanks, Alaska, respectively, will be described. An important feature of the former project is its aim not only to continue oil production, but also to rehabilitate the areas exposed to oil pollution during the preceding operation period of about 40 years. At the special temporary storage site Ambar at Ali Bayramli - there was 10,000 m3 of the oiled soil piled into many small heaps on the bottom of abandoned clay borrow pit. The primary objectives of final clean up of crude oil contaminated sediments included complete cleanup and restoration of the site by the quick lime solidification so that it does not represent a risk to the environment. and achieving a minimum concentration of oil of 3000 mg/kg in treated soil or 0.1 mg/l TPH for leachate from treated soil. On the other hand the latter site at Fairbanks which was contaminated with Pb and PCB has been stabilized by the mixture of cement and trisodium phosphate up to the final limits in water leachate, i.e. Pb < 5 mg/l, PCB < 0,5 μg/l.